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E: enquiry@qilumetal.com
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Grade: AISI 1020
Equivalent Steel: EN C22/1.0402, GB 20#, BS 070M20/EN3B, JIS S20C
AISI 1020 steel is a typical high-quality low-carbon steel under the ASTM standard, featuring a balanced chemical composition that delivers superior workability. Its low carbon content (C: 0.18%-0.23%) ensures excellent plasticity, toughness, and outstanding weldability, often eliminating the need for preheating before welding. The manganese content is maintained within 0.30%-0.60%, strengthening the solid solution without significantly compromising ductility. Strict control over impurity elements such as phosphorus (P≤0.040%) and sulfur (S≤0.050%) effectively guarantees the material's stability and reliability during processing and service.
| Quantity: | |
|---|---|
1020
Qilu
AISI 1020 carbon steel is a versatile low-carbon structural material belonging to the American standards ASTM A29. It is widely used in machinery manufacturing, automotive, construction and other fields because of its excellent machinability, weldability and heat treatment adaptability. Its global equivalent grades include European Standard C22/1.0402 (EN 10083-2 & EN 10250-2), Japanese Standard S20C (JIS G4051), Chinese Standard 20# (GB/T 699), and British Standard EN3B/070M20 (BS 970), which can meet the material matching needs of cross-border projects.
AISI 1020 carbon steel has a carbon content range of 0.17% to 0.24%. This range strikes a perfect balance between formability and mechanical properties, making it suitable for manufacturing components under light to medium stress conditions. The material can be supplied in untreated or normalized states. Both states can guarantee stable ductility and toughness. Its performance can be further upgraded through case hardening or surface hardening processes. These processes can improve surface hardness and wear resistance without reducing core toughness.
Country | USA | Europe | China | British | Japan |
Standard | ASTM A29 | EN10083-2 | GB/T699 | BS970 | JIS G4051 |
Grade | 1020 | C22/1.0402 | 20# | 070M20/EN3B | S20C |
AISI 1020 steel has excellent machinability. It can be smoothly cut, drilled and shaped during processing, and will not cause excessive tool wear, which helps to reduce processing costs and improve production efficiency.
Its carbon content is below 0.25%, which endows it with outstanding weldability. In most cases, pre-weld heating is not required during welding. The welded joints are firm and free of cracks, which is very suitable for fabricating welded structural parts.
In the as-delivered state, AISI 1020 steel has good ductility and can be directly used for forming parts. It can also respond well to a variety of heat treatment processes:
Case hardening/surface hardening: Improve surface hardness to meet the use requirements of wear-resistant parts.
Normalizing: Optimize the internal structure of the material and improve the uniformity of mechanical properties.
Quenching and tempering: Adjust the strength and toughness of the material to adapt to more demanding working conditions.
AISI 1020 steel is a cost-effective material. It has a lower price compared with medium and high carbon steel. At the same time, it can meet the performance needs of most non-heavy load components.
It has a complete supply system globally. There are a variety of specifications and supply forms to choose from, which can meet the procurement needs of different industries and projects.
Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni |
1020 | 0.18-0.23 | / | 0.30-0.60 | 0.040Max | 0.050Max | / | / | / |
C22E/1.1151 | 0.17-0.24 | 0.40Max | 0.40-0.70 | 0.030Max | 0.035Max | 0.40Max | 0.10Max | 0.40Max |
20# | 0.17-0.23 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.35-0.65 | 0.035Max | 0.035Max | 0.25Max | / | 0.30Max |
070M20 | 0.16-0.24 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.50-0.90 | 0.050Max | 0.050Max | / | / | / |
S20C | 0.18-0.23 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.030Max | 0.035Max | 0.20Max | / | / |
Mechanical properties for C22 quenching and tempering carbon steel according to EN10083-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Area of reduction | Impact value At RT/J |
d≤16 t≤8 | 500-650Mpa | 340Mpa Min | 20% Min | 50% Min | / |
16＜d≤40 8＜t≤20 | 470-620Mpa | 290Mpa Min | 22% Min | 50%Min | 50J Min |
40＜d≤100 20＜t≤60 | 630-780Mpa | 370Mpa Min | 17% Min | 45%Min | / |
Mechanical properties for C22 normalizing carbon steel according to EN10083-2 and ISO683-1.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Area of reduction | Impact value At RT/J |
d≤16 t≤16 | 620Mpa | 340Mpa Min | 14% Min | / | / |
16＜d≤100 16＜t≤100 | 580Mpa | 305Mpa Min | 16% Min | / | / |
100＜d≤250 100＜t≤250 | 560Mpa | 275Mpa Min | 16% Min | / | / |
Sampling and preparation of test pieces for C22 quenching and tempering steel.
1): According to EN10083-1, all samples shall be taken at a distance of 12.5mm below the heat treated surface
2): As stipulated in the contract between buyer and seller.
Mechanical properties for C22 open die forgings steel in the normalized or normalized and tempered conditions according to EN10250-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Impact value at RT/J | ||
L | Tr | L | Tr | |||
d≤100 | 410Mpa Min | 210Mpa Min | 25% Min | / | / | / |
Remark: L= Longitudinal Tr = Transverse
Sampling and preparation of test pieces for steel forging.
1: According to EN10250-1, all samples shall be taken at a distance of 4/T below the heat treated surface (with a minimum of 20mm and a maximum of 80mm), and t/2 from the end (where t is the equivalent thickness of the thickness of the ruling section of the forging at the time of heat treatment.
2: As stipulated in the contract between buyer and seller
Heat Treatment | Hardness |
Flame or Induction hardening | 50-55HRC |
Treated to improve shearability (+S) | 130-170HBW |
Soft annealed (+A) | 110-140HBW |
Quenched and tempred (+QT) | HRC28-32(Common Range) |
Product type | Size range | Length |
Cold drawn bar | Φ3-Φ80mm | 6000-9000mm |
Hot rolled bar | Φ16-Φ300mm | 6000-9000mm |
Hot forged bar | Φ100-Φ1200mm | 3000-5800mm |
Hot rolled plate/sheet | T:3-200mm; W:1500-2500mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot Forged block | T: 80-800mm; W: 100-2500mm | 2000-5800mm |
Surface Finish | Turned | Milled | Grinding(Best) | Polished(Best) | Peeled(Best) | Black Forged | Black Rolled |
Tolerance | +0/+3mm | +0/+3mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.1mm | +0/+5mm | +0/+1mm |
Straighness | 1mm/1000mm max. | 3mm/1000mm max. | |||||
Stock diameter for hot rolled bar
20 | 22 | 25 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 35 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 45 | 48 | 50 | 55 | 60 |
65 | 70 | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 100 | 105 | 110 | 115 | 120 | 125 | 130 | 140 |
150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 200 | 210 | 220 | 230 | 240 | 250 | 260 | 270 | 280 | 290 |
300 |
Stock Information: Qilu Steel has monthly stocks of over 10,000 tons of hot-rolled and forged bars, with stock diameters ranging from 20mm to 300mm. Stock availability changes daily, please contact our sales team for real-time inventory.
Heat C22 steel ingots to 1150-1200℃ in a furnace and hold for sufficient time.
Perform forging operations, and ensure that the forging temperature is not lower than 800-850℃ during the whole process.
Cool the forged parts in air to room temperature.
Soft Annealing: Heat to 680-720℃, hold at constant temperature, and cool slowly in the furnace. This process improves the machinability of the material.
Normalizing: Heat to 880-920℃, hold at constant temperature, and cool in air. This process optimizes the grain structure and improves the uniformity of mechanical properties.
Quenching & Tempering: Heat to 860-900℃, hold at constant temperature, quench in water, then temper at 550-660℃, and cool in air. Low-temperature parameters are suitable for water quenching, and high-temperature parameters are suitable for oil quenching.
Remark: The conditions given above are for guidance, at the temperatures at the lower end of the range are generally applicable to hardening in water and those at the upper end for hardening in oil.
Shaft Parts: Drive shafts, connecting rods and other light-loaded rotating components that do not require high strength.
Fasteners: General-purpose bolts, nuts, washers, taking advantage of the material's good formability and weldability.
Transmission Parts: Low-speed and low-load gears and racks for light machinery and equipment.
Chassis Components: Brackets, supports and body structural parts, which can meet the lightweight and structural strength requirements of the vehicle body.
Connecting Components: Pins, bushings and non-critical fasteners, with reliable performance and low cost.
Structural Parts: Steel brackets, frames and bridge auxiliary components, which have good welding performance and can be assembled on site.
Building Fasteners: Connection bolts for steel structures, which are cost-effective and can ensure the stability of the building structure.
Low-Pressure Pipes: Pipes for transporting water, natural gas and other low-pressure fluids, with good ductility and corrosion resistance in non-corrosive environments.
Storage Containers: Tanks for storing non-corrosive liquids and gases, which can be formed by welding and have low manufacturing costs.
A1: AISI 1020 is a low-carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.18%-0.23%, which has good weldability and formability but low strength. AISI 1045 is a medium-carbon steel with higher strength and hardness, but its weldability and formability are relatively poor.
A2: It is not recommended. AISI 1020 steel is suitable for light to medium load scenarios. For high-load and high-wear components, it is recommended to choose medium-carbon steel or alloy steel after quenching and tempering treatment.
A3: For wear-resistant requirements, choose flame or induction hardening; for machining requirements, choose soft annealing; for general structural parts, choose normalizing treatment to ensure basic performance.
A4: Yes, they are equivalent grades under different standard systems, with nearly identical core chemical compositions and basic mechanical properties. In most general structural applications, they can be substituted for each other after confirming the specific heat treatment condition and performance requirements. This is a significant advantage for global sourcing.
A5: Absolutely. While AISI 1020 has moderate hardness in its base state, it is very suitable for surface hardening treatments. Processes such as carburizing or induction hardening can create a high-hardness, wear-resistant layer on the component's surface (hardness up to 50-55 HRC) while maintaining a tough core. This makes it particularly suitable for parts like gears and pins that require both wear resistance and impact strength.
A6: Due to its excellent weldability (low carbon equivalent), the welding process requirements are relatively straightforward. For conventional thicknesses, preheating is typically not required. However, to ensure optimal results, it is still recommended to use low-hydrogen electrodes and control appropriate heat input to avoid the formation of undesirable hardened microstructures in the heat-affected zone.
A7: Yes. In addition to the standard sizes listed in the table, we offer extensive customization services, including: non-standard size cutting, pre-processing (such as rough turning, grinding), and open-die forging according to your drawings to produce near-net-shape forgings, helping you reduce machining allowances and costs.
Options include cold-drawn bars, hot-rolled bars, hot-forged bars, hot-rolled plates, and hot-forged blocks—covering diameters from Φ3mm to Φ1200mm and thicknesses from 3mm to 800mm.
Whether you need standard sizes or customized processing, Qilu Steel can provide one-stop solutions for AISI 1020 carbon steel. Contact our sales team now to get the latest quotation and stock information.
AISI 1020 carbon steel is a versatile low-carbon structural material belonging to the American standards ASTM A29. It is widely used in machinery manufacturing, automotive, construction and other fields because of its excellent machinability, weldability and heat treatment adaptability. Its global equivalent grades include European Standard C22/1.0402 (EN 10083-2 & EN 10250-2), Japanese Standard S20C (JIS G4051), Chinese Standard 20# (GB/T 699), and British Standard EN3B/070M20 (BS 970), which can meet the material matching needs of cross-border projects.
AISI 1020 carbon steel has a carbon content range of 0.17% to 0.24%. This range strikes a perfect balance between formability and mechanical properties, making it suitable for manufacturing components under light to medium stress conditions. The material can be supplied in untreated or normalized states. Both states can guarantee stable ductility and toughness. Its performance can be further upgraded through case hardening or surface hardening processes. These processes can improve surface hardness and wear resistance without reducing core toughness.
Country | USA | Europe | China | British | Japan |
Standard | ASTM A29 | EN10083-2 | GB/T699 | BS970 | JIS G4051 |
Grade | 1020 | C22/1.0402 | 20# | 070M20/EN3B | S20C |
AISI 1020 steel has excellent machinability. It can be smoothly cut, drilled and shaped during processing, and will not cause excessive tool wear, which helps to reduce processing costs and improve production efficiency.
Its carbon content is below 0.25%, which endows it with outstanding weldability. In most cases, pre-weld heating is not required during welding. The welded joints are firm and free of cracks, which is very suitable for fabricating welded structural parts.
In the as-delivered state, AISI 1020 steel has good ductility and can be directly used for forming parts. It can also respond well to a variety of heat treatment processes:
Case hardening/surface hardening: Improve surface hardness to meet the use requirements of wear-resistant parts.
Normalizing: Optimize the internal structure of the material and improve the uniformity of mechanical properties.
Quenching and tempering: Adjust the strength and toughness of the material to adapt to more demanding working conditions.
AISI 1020 steel is a cost-effective material. It has a lower price compared with medium and high carbon steel. At the same time, it can meet the performance needs of most non-heavy load components.
It has a complete supply system globally. There are a variety of specifications and supply forms to choose from, which can meet the procurement needs of different industries and projects.
Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni |
1020 | 0.18-0.23 | / | 0.30-0.60 | 0.040Max | 0.050Max | / | / | / |
C22E/1.1151 | 0.17-0.24 | 0.40Max | 0.40-0.70 | 0.030Max | 0.035Max | 0.40Max | 0.10Max | 0.40Max |
20# | 0.17-0.23 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.35-0.65 | 0.035Max | 0.035Max | 0.25Max | / | 0.30Max |
070M20 | 0.16-0.24 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.50-0.90 | 0.050Max | 0.050Max | / | / | / |
S20C | 0.18-0.23 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.030Max | 0.035Max | 0.20Max | / | / |
Mechanical properties for C22 quenching and tempering carbon steel according to EN10083-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Area of reduction | Impact value At RT/J |
d≤16 t≤8 | 500-650Mpa | 340Mpa Min | 20% Min | 50% Min | / |
16＜d≤40 8＜t≤20 | 470-620Mpa | 290Mpa Min | 22% Min | 50%Min | 50J Min |
40＜d≤100 20＜t≤60 | 630-780Mpa | 370Mpa Min | 17% Min | 45%Min | / |
Mechanical properties for C22 normalizing carbon steel according to EN10083-2 and ISO683-1.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Area of reduction | Impact value At RT/J |
d≤16 t≤16 | 620Mpa | 340Mpa Min | 14% Min | / | / |
16＜d≤100 16＜t≤100 | 580Mpa | 305Mpa Min | 16% Min | / | / |
100＜d≤250 100＜t≤250 | 560Mpa | 275Mpa Min | 16% Min | / | / |
Sampling and preparation of test pieces for C22 quenching and tempering steel.
1): According to EN10083-1, all samples shall be taken at a distance of 12.5mm below the heat treated surface
2): As stipulated in the contract between buyer and seller.
Mechanical properties for C22 open die forgings steel in the normalized or normalized and tempered conditions according to EN10250-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Impact value at RT/J | ||
L | Tr | L | Tr | |||
d≤100 | 410Mpa Min | 210Mpa Min | 25% Min | / | / | / |
Remark: L= Longitudinal Tr = Transverse
Sampling and preparation of test pieces for steel forging.
1: According to EN10250-1, all samples shall be taken at a distance of 4/T below the heat treated surface (with a minimum of 20mm and a maximum of 80mm), and t/2 from the end (where t is the equivalent thickness of the thickness of the ruling section of the forging at the time of heat treatment.
2: As stipulated in the contract between buyer and seller
Heat Treatment | Hardness |
Flame or Induction hardening | 50-55HRC |
Treated to improve shearability (+S) | 130-170HBW |
Soft annealed (+A) | 110-140HBW |
Quenched and tempred (+QT) | HRC28-32(Common Range) |
Product type | Size range | Length |
Cold drawn bar | Φ3-Φ80mm | 6000-9000mm |
Hot rolled bar | Φ16-Φ300mm | 6000-9000mm |
Hot forged bar | Φ100-Φ1200mm | 3000-5800mm |
Hot rolled plate/sheet | T:3-200mm; W:1500-2500mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot Forged block | T: 80-800mm; W: 100-2500mm | 2000-5800mm |
Surface Finish | Turned | Milled | Grinding(Best) | Polished(Best) | Peeled(Best) | Black Forged | Black Rolled |
Tolerance | +0/+3mm | +0/+3mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.1mm | +0/+5mm | +0/+1mm |
Straighness | 1mm/1000mm max. | 3mm/1000mm max. | |||||
Stock diameter for hot rolled bar
20 | 22 | 25 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 35 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 45 | 48 | 50 | 55 | 60 |
65 | 70 | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 100 | 105 | 110 | 115 | 120 | 125 | 130 | 140 |
150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 200 | 210 | 220 | 230 | 240 | 250 | 260 | 270 | 280 | 290 |
300 |
Stock Information: Qilu Steel has monthly stocks of over 10,000 tons of hot-rolled and forged bars, with stock diameters ranging from 20mm to 300mm. Stock availability changes daily, please contact our sales team for real-time inventory.
Heat C22 steel ingots to 1150-1200℃ in a furnace and hold for sufficient time.
Perform forging operations, and ensure that the forging temperature is not lower than 800-850℃ during the whole process.
Cool the forged parts in air to room temperature.
Soft Annealing: Heat to 680-720℃, hold at constant temperature, and cool slowly in the furnace. This process improves the machinability of the material.
Normalizing: Heat to 880-920℃, hold at constant temperature, and cool in air. This process optimizes the grain structure and improves the uniformity of mechanical properties.
Quenching & Tempering: Heat to 860-900℃, hold at constant temperature, quench in water, then temper at 550-660℃, and cool in air. Low-temperature parameters are suitable for water quenching, and high-temperature parameters are suitable for oil quenching.
Remark: The conditions given above are for guidance, at the temperatures at the lower end of the range are generally applicable to hardening in water and those at the upper end for hardening in oil.
Shaft Parts: Drive shafts, connecting rods and other light-loaded rotating components that do not require high strength.
Fasteners: General-purpose bolts, nuts, washers, taking advantage of the material's good formability and weldability.
Transmission Parts: Low-speed and low-load gears and racks for light machinery and equipment.
Chassis Components: Brackets, supports and body structural parts, which can meet the lightweight and structural strength requirements of the vehicle body.
Connecting Components: Pins, bushings and non-critical fasteners, with reliable performance and low cost.
Structural Parts: Steel brackets, frames and bridge auxiliary components, which have good welding performance and can be assembled on site.
Building Fasteners: Connection bolts for steel structures, which are cost-effective and can ensure the stability of the building structure.
Low-Pressure Pipes: Pipes for transporting water, natural gas and other low-pressure fluids, with good ductility and corrosion resistance in non-corrosive environments.
Storage Containers: Tanks for storing non-corrosive liquids and gases, which can be formed by welding and have low manufacturing costs.
A1: AISI 1020 is a low-carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.18%-0.23%, which has good weldability and formability but low strength. AISI 1045 is a medium-carbon steel with higher strength and hardness, but its weldability and formability are relatively poor.
A2: It is not recommended. AISI 1020 steel is suitable for light to medium load scenarios. For high-load and high-wear components, it is recommended to choose medium-carbon steel or alloy steel after quenching and tempering treatment.
A3: For wear-resistant requirements, choose flame or induction hardening; for machining requirements, choose soft annealing; for general structural parts, choose normalizing treatment to ensure basic performance.
A4: Yes, they are equivalent grades under different standard systems, with nearly identical core chemical compositions and basic mechanical properties. In most general structural applications, they can be substituted for each other after confirming the specific heat treatment condition and performance requirements. This is a significant advantage for global sourcing.
A5: Absolutely. While AISI 1020 has moderate hardness in its base state, it is very suitable for surface hardening treatments. Processes such as carburizing or induction hardening can create a high-hardness, wear-resistant layer on the component's surface (hardness up to 50-55 HRC) while maintaining a tough core. This makes it particularly suitable for parts like gears and pins that require both wear resistance and impact strength.
A6: Due to its excellent weldability (low carbon equivalent), the welding process requirements are relatively straightforward. For conventional thicknesses, preheating is typically not required. However, to ensure optimal results, it is still recommended to use low-hydrogen electrodes and control appropriate heat input to avoid the formation of undesirable hardened microstructures in the heat-affected zone.
A7: Yes. In addition to the standard sizes listed in the table, we offer extensive customization services, including: non-standard size cutting, pre-processing (such as rough turning, grinding), and open-die forging according to your drawings to produce near-net-shape forgings, helping you reduce machining allowances and costs.
Options include cold-drawn bars, hot-rolled bars, hot-forged bars, hot-rolled plates, and hot-forged blocks—covering diameters from Φ3mm to Φ1200mm and thicknesses from 3mm to 800mm.
Whether you need standard sizes or customized processing, Qilu Steel can provide one-stop solutions for AISI 1020 carbon steel. Contact our sales team now to get the latest quotation and stock information.
