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E: enquiry@qilumetal.com
E: enquiry@qilumetal.com
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C45 / 1.0503 is a carbon structural steel belonging to the European standards EN 10083-2 and EN 10250-2. It is widely used in several industries, such as machine building, automotive industry, construction and general engineering. Therefore, you can find its equivalents in different national standards, such as American Standard ASTM 1045 (ASTM A20), Japanese Standard S45C (JIS G4051), Chinese Standard 45# (GB/T 699) and British Standard EN8D/080M40 (BS 970).
C45 is a medium carbon steel series with a carbon content of 0.42-0.50%. After heat treatment (e.g. normalizing or tempering), it can obtain good mechanical properties, such as high strength, hardness and certain toughness.
1: Steel equivalent
Country | USA | Europe | China | British | Japan |
Standard | ASTM A20 | EN10083-2 | GB/T699 | BS970 | JIS G4051 |
Grade | 1045 | C45/1.0503 | 45# | 080M40 | S45C |
2: Chemical composition
Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo |
1045 | 0.43-0.50 | / | 0.60-0.90 | 0.040Max | 0.050Max | / | / |
C45/1.0503 | 0.42-0.50 | 0.4Max | 0.50-0.80 | 0.045Max | 0.045Max | 0.4Max | 0.1Max |
45# | 0.42-0.50 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.50-0.80 | 0.035Max | 0.035Max | 0.25Max | / |
080M40 | 0.36-0.44 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.60-1.00 | 0.050Max | 0.050Max | / | / |
S45C | 0.42-0.48 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.60-0.90 | 0.030Max | 0.035Max | / | / |
3: Mechanical properties .
Mechanical properties for C45 quenching and tempering carbon steel according to EN10083-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Area of reduction | Impact value At RT/J |
d≤16 t≤8 | 700-850Mpa | 490Mpa Min | 14% Min | 35% Min | / |
16＜d≤40 8＜t≤20 | 650-800Mpa | 430Mpa Min | 16% Min | 40%Min | / |
40＜d≤100 20＜t≤60 | 630-780Mpa | 370Mpa Min | 17% Min | 45%Min | / |
Mechanical properties for C45 normalizing carbon steel according to EN10083-2 and ISO683-1.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Area of reduction | Impact value At RT/J |
d≤16 t≤16 | 620Mpa | 340Mpa Min | 14% Min | / | / |
16＜d≤100 16＜t≤100 | 580Mpa | 305Mpa Min | 16% Min | / | / |
100＜d≤250 100＜t≤250 | 560Mpa | 275Mpa Min | 16% Min | / | / |
Sampling and preparation of test pieces for C45 quenching and tempering steel.
1): According to EN10083-1, all samples shall be taken at a distance of 12.5mm below the heat treated surface
2): As stipulated in the contract between buyer and seller.
Mechanical properties for C45 open die forgings steel in the normalized and normalized and tempered conditions according to EN10250-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Impact value at RT/J | ||
L | Tr | L | Tr | |||
d≤100 | 580Mpa Min | 305Mpa Min | 16% Min | / | / | / |
100＜d≤250 | 560Mpa Min | 275Mpa Min | 16% Min | 12% Min | 18J Min | 10J Min |
250＜d≤500 | 540Mpa Min | 240Mpa Min | 16% Min | 12% Min | 15J Min | 10J Min |
500＜d≤1000 | 530Mpa Min | 230Mpa Min | 15% Min | 11% Min | 12J Min | 10J Min |
Mechanical properties for C45 open die forgings steel in the quenched and tempered conditions according to EN10250-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Impact value at RT/J | ||
L | Tr | L | Tr | |||
d≤70 | 630Mpa Min | 370Mpa Min | 16% Min | / | 25J Min | / |
70＜d≤160 | 590Mpa Min | 340Mpa Min | 18% Min | 12% Min | 22J Min | 15J Min |
160＜d≤330 | 540Mpa Min | 320Mpa Min | 17% Min | 11% Min | 20J Min | 12J Min |
Remark: L= Longitudinal Tr = Transverse
Sampling and preparation of test pieces for steel forging.
1: According to EN10250-1, all samples shall be taken at a distance of 4/T below the heat treated surface (with a minimum of 20mm and a maximum of 80mm), and t/2 from the end (where t is the equivalent thickness of the thickness of the ruling section of the forging at the time of heat treatment.
2: As stipulated in the contract between buyer and seller.
4: Surface hardness and hardenability.
Heat Treatment | Hardness |
Flame or Induction hardening | 55HRC |
Treated to improve shearability (+S) | HB255Max |
Soft annealed (+A) | HB207Max |
Quenched and tempred (+QT) | HRC28-32(Common Range) |
Where the steel is ordered by using the symbols for normal (+H) or restricted (+HL, +HH) hardenability requirements, the hardenability values should apply below:
Distance in mm from quenched end | ||||||||||||||
Distance | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 15 | |
Hardness In HRC + H | max | 62 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 57 | 51 | 44 | 37 | 34 | 33 | 32 | 31 | 30 |
min | 55 | 51 | 37 | 30 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 20 | |
Hardness In HRC + HH | +HH4 | / | / | / | 41-60 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
+HH14 | 57-62 | / | / | 41-60 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
Hardness In HRC + HL | +HL4 | / | / | / | 30-49 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
+HL14 | 55-60 | / | / | 30-49 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
Scatter bands for the Rockwell - C hardness in the end quench hardenability test.
5: Supply size & Tolerance & Stock size
Product type | Size range | Length |
Cold drawn bar | Φ3-Φ80mm | 6000-9000mm |
Hot rolled bar | Φ16-Φ310mm | 6000-9000mm |
Hot forged bar | Φ100-Φ1200mm | 3000-5800mm |
Hot rolled plate/sheet | T:3-200mm; W:1500-2500mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot Forged block | T: 80-800mm; W: 100-2500mm | 2000-5800mm |
Surface Finish | Turned | Milled | Grinding(Best) | Polished(Best) | Peeled(Best) | Black Forged | Black Rolled |
Tolerance | +0/+3mm | +0/+3mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.1mm | +0/+5mm | +0/+1mm |
Straighness | 1mm/1000mm max. | 3mm/1000mm max. | |||||
Qilu steel stock hot rolled bar and forged bars more than ten thousands tons every month, below our our stock size.
1): Stock diameter for hot rolled bar
16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 25 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 35 | 36 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 45 |
48 | 50 | 52 | 55 | 58 | 60 | 65 | 70 | 72 | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 100 |
105 | 110 | 115 | 120 | 125 | 130 | 135 | 140 | 145 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 200 |
210 | 220 | 230 | 240 | 250 | 260 | 270 | 280 | 290 | 300 | 310 |
2) : Stock diameter for hot forged bar
310 | 320 | 330 | 340 | 350 | 360 | 370 | 380 | 390 | 400 |
410 | 420 | 430 | 440 | 450 | 460 | 470 | 480 | 490 | 500 |
510 | 520 | 530 | 540 | 550 |
Since the stocks change everyday, if you want to know our stock available information, please contact our salesman.
6：Forging processing
Put the C45 ingot into the furnace and heat to 850-1200℃
Forge the ingot, forging temperature should be not less than 800-850℃
Cooling in the air after forged
7: Heat treatment
Soft annealed:
Heat C45 steel to 680-710℃
Cooling in the furnace
Normalized:
Heat C45 steel to 840-880℃
Cooling in the air
Quenching and tempering:
Heat C45 steel to 820-860℃ in the furnace
Quench in water or oil
Temper steel at 550-660℃ in the furnace
Take out of C45 steel from furnace and cool in the air.
Remark: The conditions given above are for guidance, at the temperatures at the lower end of the range are generally applicable to hardening in water and those at the upper end for hardening in oil.
8: Weldability
C45 steel has poor weldability. For steel material, weldability has a strong relationship with the carbon element; when the carbon content is more than 0.25%, the weldability starts to deteriorate. The carbon content of C45 steel is around 0.42%-0.50%, which is significantly higher than the threshold, making its weldability quite poor. Welding C45 steel requires special precautions, such as preheating, controlled cooling, and post-weld heat treatment, to avoid cracking and ensure joint integrity.
9：Application
C45 steel is a medium carbon steel with high strength and good mechanical properties. The following are its main application uses.
Mechanical Manufacturing
1): Shaft parts: such as transmission shafts, spindles, etc.
2): Gears: for medium load gears.
3): Connecting rods: for connecting rods of engines and mechanical equipment.
4): Bolts and nuts: for high strength fasteners.
Automotive industry
1): Chassis parts: such as steering knuckles, half shafts, etc.
2): Engine parts: such as crankshafts, camshafts, etc.
Toolmaking
1): Molds: used for making simple molds.
2): Tools: such as drills, milling cutters, etc.
Construction and Engineering
1): Structural parts: such as high strength structural parts in bridges and buildings.
2): Fasteners: such as high-strength bolts, anchors, etc.
Other applications
1): Agricultural machinery: such as plow blades, harvester parts, etc.
2): General machinery: such as pump shafts, fan shafts, etc.
C45 / 1.0503 is a carbon structural steel belonging to the European standards EN 10083-2 and EN 10250-2. It is widely used in several industries, such as machine building, automotive industry, construction and general engineering. Therefore, you can find its equivalents in different national standards, such as American Standard ASTM 1045 (ASTM A20), Japanese Standard S45C (JIS G4051), Chinese Standard 45# (GB/T 699) and British Standard EN8D/080M40 (BS 970).
C45 is a medium carbon steel series with a carbon content of 0.42-0.50%. After heat treatment (e.g. normalizing or tempering), it can obtain good mechanical properties, such as high strength, hardness and certain toughness.
1: Steel equivalent
Country | USA | Europe | China | British | Japan |
Standard | ASTM A20 | EN10083-2 | GB/T699 | BS970 | JIS G4051 |
Grade | 1045 | C45/1.0503 | 45# | 080M40 | S45C |
2: Chemical composition
Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo |
1045 | 0.43-0.50 | / | 0.60-0.90 | 0.040Max | 0.050Max | / | / |
C45/1.0503 | 0.42-0.50 | 0.4Max | 0.50-0.80 | 0.045Max | 0.045Max | 0.4Max | 0.1Max |
45# | 0.42-0.50 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.50-0.80 | 0.035Max | 0.035Max | 0.25Max | / |
080M40 | 0.36-0.44 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.60-1.00 | 0.050Max | 0.050Max | / | / |
S45C | 0.42-0.48 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.60-0.90 | 0.030Max | 0.035Max | / | / |
3: Mechanical properties .
Mechanical properties for C45 quenching and tempering carbon steel according to EN10083-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Area of reduction | Impact value At RT/J |
d≤16 t≤8 | 700-850Mpa | 490Mpa Min | 14% Min | 35% Min | / |
16＜d≤40 8＜t≤20 | 650-800Mpa | 430Mpa Min | 16% Min | 40%Min | / |
40＜d≤100 20＜t≤60 | 630-780Mpa | 370Mpa Min | 17% Min | 45%Min | / |
Mechanical properties for C45 normalizing carbon steel according to EN10083-2 and ISO683-1.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Area of reduction | Impact value At RT/J |
d≤16 t≤16 | 620Mpa | 340Mpa Min | 14% Min | / | / |
16＜d≤100 16＜t≤100 | 580Mpa | 305Mpa Min | 16% Min | / | / |
100＜d≤250 100＜t≤250 | 560Mpa | 275Mpa Min | 16% Min | / | / |
Sampling and preparation of test pieces for C45 quenching and tempering steel.
1): According to EN10083-1, all samples shall be taken at a distance of 12.5mm below the heat treated surface
2): As stipulated in the contract between buyer and seller.
Mechanical properties for C45 open die forgings steel in the normalized and normalized and tempered conditions according to EN10250-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Impact value at RT/J | ||
L | Tr | L | Tr | |||
d≤100 | 580Mpa Min | 305Mpa Min | 16% Min | / | / | / |
100＜d≤250 | 560Mpa Min | 275Mpa Min | 16% Min | 12% Min | 18J Min | 10J Min |
250＜d≤500 | 540Mpa Min | 240Mpa Min | 16% Min | 12% Min | 15J Min | 10J Min |
500＜d≤1000 | 530Mpa Min | 230Mpa Min | 15% Min | 11% Min | 12J Min | 10J Min |
Mechanical properties for C45 open die forgings steel in the quenched and tempered conditions according to EN10250-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Impact value at RT/J | ||
L | Tr | L | Tr | |||
d≤70 | 630Mpa Min | 370Mpa Min | 16% Min | / | 25J Min | / |
70＜d≤160 | 590Mpa Min | 340Mpa Min | 18% Min | 12% Min | 22J Min | 15J Min |
160＜d≤330 | 540Mpa Min | 320Mpa Min | 17% Min | 11% Min | 20J Min | 12J Min |
Remark: L= Longitudinal Tr = Transverse
Sampling and preparation of test pieces for steel forging.
1: According to EN10250-1, all samples shall be taken at a distance of 4/T below the heat treated surface (with a minimum of 20mm and a maximum of 80mm), and t/2 from the end (where t is the equivalent thickness of the thickness of the ruling section of the forging at the time of heat treatment.
2: As stipulated in the contract between buyer and seller.
4: Surface hardness and hardenability.
Heat Treatment | Hardness |
Flame or Induction hardening | 55HRC |
Treated to improve shearability (+S) | HB255Max |
Soft annealed (+A) | HB207Max |
Quenched and tempred (+QT) | HRC28-32(Common Range) |
Where the steel is ordered by using the symbols for normal (+H) or restricted (+HL, +HH) hardenability requirements, the hardenability values should apply below:
Distance in mm from quenched end | ||||||||||||||
Distance | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 15 | |
Hardness In HRC + H | max | 62 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 57 | 51 | 44 | 37 | 34 | 33 | 32 | 31 | 30 |
min | 55 | 51 | 37 | 30 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 20 | |
Hardness In HRC + HH | +HH4 | / | / | / | 41-60 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
+HH14 | 57-62 | / | / | 41-60 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
Hardness In HRC + HL | +HL4 | / | / | / | 30-49 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
+HL14 | 55-60 | / | / | 30-49 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
Scatter bands for the Rockwell - C hardness in the end quench hardenability test.
5: Supply size & Tolerance & Stock size
Product type | Size range | Length |
Cold drawn bar | Φ3-Φ80mm | 6000-9000mm |
Hot rolled bar | Φ16-Φ310mm | 6000-9000mm |
Hot forged bar | Φ100-Φ1200mm | 3000-5800mm |
Hot rolled plate/sheet | T:3-200mm; W:1500-2500mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot Forged block | T: 80-800mm; W: 100-2500mm | 2000-5800mm |
Surface Finish | Turned | Milled | Grinding(Best) | Polished(Best) | Peeled(Best) | Black Forged | Black Rolled |
Tolerance | +0/+3mm | +0/+3mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.1mm | +0/+5mm | +0/+1mm |
Straighness | 1mm/1000mm max. | 3mm/1000mm max. | |||||
Qilu steel stock hot rolled bar and forged bars more than ten thousands tons every month, below our our stock size.
1): Stock diameter for hot rolled bar
16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 25 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 35 | 36 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 45 |
48 | 50 | 52 | 55 | 58 | 60 | 65 | 70 | 72 | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 100 |
105 | 110 | 115 | 120 | 125 | 130 | 135 | 140 | 145 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 200 |
210 | 220 | 230 | 240 | 250 | 260 | 270 | 280 | 290 | 300 | 310 |
2) : Stock diameter for hot forged bar
310 | 320 | 330 | 340 | 350 | 360 | 370 | 380 | 390 | 400 |
410 | 420 | 430 | 440 | 450 | 460 | 470 | 480 | 490 | 500 |
510 | 520 | 530 | 540 | 550 |
Since the stocks change everyday, if you want to know our stock available information, please contact our salesman.
6：Forging processing
Put the C45 ingot into the furnace and heat to 850-1200℃
Forge the ingot, forging temperature should be not less than 800-850℃
Cooling in the air after forged
7: Heat treatment
Soft annealed:
Heat C45 steel to 680-710℃
Cooling in the furnace
Normalized:
Heat C45 steel to 840-880℃
Cooling in the air
Quenching and tempering:
Heat C45 steel to 820-860℃ in the furnace
Quench in water or oil
Temper steel at 550-660℃ in the furnace
Take out of C45 steel from furnace and cool in the air.
Remark: The conditions given above are for guidance, at the temperatures at the lower end of the range are generally applicable to hardening in water and those at the upper end for hardening in oil.
8: Weldability
C45 steel has poor weldability. For steel material, weldability has a strong relationship with the carbon element; when the carbon content is more than 0.25%, the weldability starts to deteriorate. The carbon content of C45 steel is around 0.42%-0.50%, which is significantly higher than the threshold, making its weldability quite poor. Welding C45 steel requires special precautions, such as preheating, controlled cooling, and post-weld heat treatment, to avoid cracking and ensure joint integrity.
9：Application
C45 steel is a medium carbon steel with high strength and good mechanical properties. The following are its main application uses.
Mechanical Manufacturing
1): Shaft parts: such as transmission shafts, spindles, etc.
2): Gears: for medium load gears.
3): Connecting rods: for connecting rods of engines and mechanical equipment.
4): Bolts and nuts: for high strength fasteners.
Automotive industry
1): Chassis parts: such as steering knuckles, half shafts, etc.
2): Engine parts: such as crankshafts, camshafts, etc.
Toolmaking
1): Molds: used for making simple molds.
2): Tools: such as drills, milling cutters, etc.
Construction and Engineering
1): Structural parts: such as high strength structural parts in bridges and buildings.
2): Fasteners: such as high-strength bolts, anchors, etc.
Other applications
1): Agricultural machinery: such as plow blades, harvester parts, etc.
2): General machinery: such as pump shafts, fan shafts, etc.
