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E: enquiry@qilumetal.com
E: enquiry@qilumetal.com
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1.2436 is a widely recognized cold work tool steel under the German standard DIN 17350. It is renowned for its high wear resistance, good toughness, and excellent dimensional stability during heat treatment, making it suitable for demanding cold-forming applications. Due to its reliable performance, many countries have established equivalent grades to DIN 1.2436, such as: D6 from American standard ASTM A681, X210CrW12 from international standard ISO 4957, SKD2 from Japanese standard JIS G4404.
1.2436 steel contains a balanced composition of chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium, which enhance its hardness and wear resistance. The high carbon and chromium content contribute to its ability to retain edge sharpness and resist abrasion, making it ideal for blanking dies, forming tools, and shear blades. Additionally, its good machinability and uniform hardness distribution after heat treatment ensure consistent performance in industrial applications.
1: Steel equivalent
Country | USA | ISO | Germany | Japan |
Standard | ASTM A681 | ISO 4957 | DIN17350 | JIS G4404 |
Grade | D6 | X210CrW12 | 1.2436 | SKD2 |
2: Chemical composition
Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | W |
D6 | 2.00-2.20 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.030Max | 0.030Max | 11.5-12.5 | 0.60-0.90 |
X210CrW12 | 2.00-2.30 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.030Max | 0.030Max | 11-13 | 0.60-0.80 |
1.2436 | 2.00-2.25 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.15-0.45 | 0.030Max | 0.030Max | 11-12 | 0.60-0.80 |
SKD2 | 2.00-2.30 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.030Max | 0.030Max | 11-13 | 0.60-0.80 |
3: Surface hardness and hardenability.
Heat Treatment | Hardness |
Annealed (+A) | HB255Max |
Hardening and Tempering (+HT) | HRC62 Min |
4: Supply size & Tolerance & Stock size
Product type | Size range | Length |
Hot rolled bar | Φ10-Φ190mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot forged bar | Φ200-Φ600mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot rolled plate/sheet | T:10-60mm; W:310-810mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot forged plate | T:70-250mm; W:310-810mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot Forged block | T: 260-500mm; W: 300-1000mm | 2000-5800mm |
Surface Finish | Turned | Milled | Grinding(Best) | Polished(Best) | Peeled(Best) | Black Forged | Black Rolled |
Tolerance | +0/+3mm | +0/+3mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.1mm | +0/+5mm | +0/+1mm |
Straighness | 1mm/1000mm max. | 3mm/1000mm max. | |||||
For 1.2436 steel, because we don’t use them in domestic market, so there is no stocks for that material.
5: Ultrasonic Test
EN10228-3 class III or Sep 1921-84 D/D
6：Steel making & Forging processing
1): Steel making process:
EF+LF+VD
EAF+LF+VD
EF+LF+VD+ESR
EAF+LF+VD+ESR
2): Forging processing:
Put the 1.2436 ingot into the furnace and pre-heat to 650-700℃
Continue heating the ingot to initial temperature: 1050-1100℃
Forge the ingot, forging temperature should be not less than 850℃
Cooling in the sand slowly or in the furnace
7: Heat treatment
1): Annealed:
Heat 1.2436 steel to 820-850℃ in the furnace
Soak at this temperature in the furnace
Cooling in the furnace slowly
2): Quenching and tempering:
Preheat Temperature: 820℃
Heat 1.2436 steel to 960-980℃ in the salt bath furnace
Soak at this temperature in the furnace
Quench in oil
Temper steel at 170-190℃ in the furnace
Take out from furnace and cool in the air.
Above curve in figure is just a rough guide to the tempering behaviour of steels. When applying the curves for an estimation of the hardness which can be expected in quenched and tempered tools, it should be taken into account that the optimum heat-treatment conditions for the tools are not necessarily identical with those specified for the test pieces.
The heating time of test pieces in a salt batch shall be as give in below table:
Total heating time of test pieces in a salt bath
Nature of steel | Hardening Time min | Tempering Time min |
Cold or hot work steels | 25 +/- 1 | 60 |
High-speed steels | 3 | Minimum 2 periods of 60 each |
If the test pieces are not heated in a salt batch, the heating time must be extended accordingly, and the times for heating give above are not valid for thicker tools.
8：Application
1.2436 is a high-carbon, medium-chromium cold work die steel with excellent wear resistance, toughness and dimensional stability, and is widely used in the following areas:
1. Cold Work Dies
1) Punching Dies (Punching, Drop Dies)
2) Forming Dies (Bending, Stretching, Flanging Dies)
3) Embossing Dies (Coins, Medals, Precision Embossing)
4) Cold Upsetting Dies (Bolts, Nuts Forming)
5) Shear Knives (Precision Shear Blades, Slitting Knives)
2. Plastic Molds
1) Wear-resistant inserts (die nuts, ejector pins, guide bushings)
2) Glass-fiber reinforced plastic molds
3) Precision gear molds
3. Gauges and Precision Parts
1) Gauges, card boards
2) Bearing rings cold rolled ring die
3) Precision fixtures and guiding parts
4. Other special applications
1) Woodworking tools (planer knives, engraving knives)
2) Ceramics / powder metallurgy compression molds
3) Semiconductor leadframe punching dies
1.2436 is a widely recognized cold work tool steel under the German standard DIN 17350. It is renowned for its high wear resistance, good toughness, and excellent dimensional stability during heat treatment, making it suitable for demanding cold-forming applications. Due to its reliable performance, many countries have established equivalent grades to DIN 1.2436, such as: D6 from American standard ASTM A681, X210CrW12 from international standard ISO 4957, SKD2 from Japanese standard JIS G4404.
1.2436 steel contains a balanced composition of chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium, which enhance its hardness and wear resistance. The high carbon and chromium content contribute to its ability to retain edge sharpness and resist abrasion, making it ideal for blanking dies, forming tools, and shear blades. Additionally, its good machinability and uniform hardness distribution after heat treatment ensure consistent performance in industrial applications.
1: Steel equivalent
Country | USA | ISO | Germany | Japan |
Standard | ASTM A681 | ISO 4957 | DIN17350 | JIS G4404 |
Grade | D6 | X210CrW12 | 1.2436 | SKD2 |
2: Chemical composition
Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | W |
D6 | 2.00-2.20 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.20-0.40 | 0.030Max | 0.030Max | 11.5-12.5 | 0.60-0.90 |
X210CrW12 | 2.00-2.30 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.030Max | 0.030Max | 11-13 | 0.60-0.80 |
1.2436 | 2.00-2.25 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.15-0.45 | 0.030Max | 0.030Max | 11-12 | 0.60-0.80 |
SKD2 | 2.00-2.30 | 0.10-0.40 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.030Max | 0.030Max | 11-13 | 0.60-0.80 |
3: Surface hardness and hardenability.
Heat Treatment | Hardness |
Annealed (+A) | HB255Max |
Hardening and Tempering (+HT) | HRC62 Min |
4: Supply size & Tolerance & Stock size
Product type | Size range | Length |
Hot rolled bar | Φ10-Φ190mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot forged bar | Φ200-Φ600mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot rolled plate/sheet | T:10-60mm; W:310-810mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot forged plate | T:70-250mm; W:310-810mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot Forged block | T: 260-500mm; W: 300-1000mm | 2000-5800mm |
Surface Finish | Turned | Milled | Grinding(Best) | Polished(Best) | Peeled(Best) | Black Forged | Black Rolled |
Tolerance | +0/+3mm | +0/+3mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.1mm | +0/+5mm | +0/+1mm |
Straighness | 1mm/1000mm max. | 3mm/1000mm max. | |||||
For 1.2436 steel, because we don’t use them in domestic market, so there is no stocks for that material.
5: Ultrasonic Test
EN10228-3 class III or Sep 1921-84 D/D
6：Steel making & Forging processing
1): Steel making process:
EF+LF+VD
EAF+LF+VD
EF+LF+VD+ESR
EAF+LF+VD+ESR
2): Forging processing:
Put the 1.2436 ingot into the furnace and pre-heat to 650-700℃
Continue heating the ingot to initial temperature: 1050-1100℃
Forge the ingot, forging temperature should be not less than 850℃
Cooling in the sand slowly or in the furnace
7: Heat treatment
1): Annealed:
Heat 1.2436 steel to 820-850℃ in the furnace
Soak at this temperature in the furnace
Cooling in the furnace slowly
2): Quenching and tempering:
Preheat Temperature: 820℃
Heat 1.2436 steel to 960-980℃ in the salt bath furnace
Soak at this temperature in the furnace
Quench in oil
Temper steel at 170-190℃ in the furnace
Take out from furnace and cool in the air.
Above curve in figure is just a rough guide to the tempering behaviour of steels. When applying the curves for an estimation of the hardness which can be expected in quenched and tempered tools, it should be taken into account that the optimum heat-treatment conditions for the tools are not necessarily identical with those specified for the test pieces.
The heating time of test pieces in a salt batch shall be as give in below table:
Total heating time of test pieces in a salt bath
Nature of steel | Hardening Time min | Tempering Time min |
Cold or hot work steels | 25 +/- 1 | 60 |
High-speed steels | 3 | Minimum 2 periods of 60 each |
If the test pieces are not heated in a salt batch, the heating time must be extended accordingly, and the times for heating give above are not valid for thicker tools.
8：Application
1.2436 is a high-carbon, medium-chromium cold work die steel with excellent wear resistance, toughness and dimensional stability, and is widely used in the following areas:
1. Cold Work Dies
1) Punching Dies (Punching, Drop Dies)
2) Forming Dies (Bending, Stretching, Flanging Dies)
3) Embossing Dies (Coins, Medals, Precision Embossing)
4) Cold Upsetting Dies (Bolts, Nuts Forming)
5) Shear Knives (Precision Shear Blades, Slitting Knives)
2. Plastic Molds
1) Wear-resistant inserts (die nuts, ejector pins, guide bushings)
2) Glass-fiber reinforced plastic molds
3) Precision gear molds
3. Gauges and Precision Parts
1) Gauges, card boards
2) Bearing rings cold rolled ring die
3) Precision fixtures and guiding parts
4. Other special applications
1) Woodworking tools (planer knives, engraving knives)
2) Ceramics / powder metallurgy compression molds
3) Semiconductor leadframe punching dies
