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C35 / 1.0501 is a medium carbon structural steel belonging to the European standards EN 10083-2 and EN 10250-2. It is widely used in various industries, such as machinery manufacturing, automotive components, and general engineering, due to its balanced mechanical properties and good machinability. You can find its equivalents in different national standards, such as American Standard ASTM 1035 (ASTM A20), Japanese Standard S35C (JIS G4051), Chinese Standard 35# (GB/T 699), and British Standard 060A35 (BS 970).
C35 is a medium carbon steel series with a carbon content of 0.32-0.39%. It is typically supplied in the untreated or normalized condition, where it exhibits a good combination of strength, hardness, and toughness. After heat treatment processes such as quenching and tempering (QT), it can achieve improved mechanical properties, making it suitable for applications requiring higher strength and wear resistance, such as gears, shafts, and connecting rods. Its versatility and ease of processing make it a popular choice for a wide range of engineering applications.
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AISI 1035 / DIN C35 1.0501 / JIS S35C / BS 060A35 is categorized as a medium carbon steel, defined by its carbon content ranging from 0.32% to 0.39%—a sweet spot that avoids the brittleness of high-carbon steels (e.g., AISI 1060) and the lower tensile strength of low-carbon alternatives (e.g., AISI 1020). This carbon range enables the steel to retain ductility while offering sufficient strength for most engineering needs.
In its standard supply conditions—untreated (as-rolled) or normalized—this steel exhibits reliable baseline properties. For normalized specimens with size ≤250mm, the minimum tensile strength reaches 500 Mpa, and elongation is at least 19%, making it suitable for general-purpose parts like flanges and connectors without extra processing. When subjected to quenching and tempering (QT), its performance elevates significantly: for sizes ≤16mm, tensile strength jumps to 630-780 Mpa, and yield strength exceeds 430 Mpa, opening doors to high-stress applications such as gears and drive shafts.
A key benefit of this steel grade is its global equivalence, simplifying cross-border sourcing. Its direct equivalents include ASTM 1035 (U.S. standard), JIS S35C (Japanese standard), GB/T 699 35# (Chinese standard), and BS 060A35 (British standard). This compatibility ensures manufacturers can maintain consistent part quality regardless of their supply chain location. Additionally, its controlled chemical composition—with manganese (Mn) at 0.50-0.90% and maximum impurities of phosphorus (P) ≤0.045% and sulfur (S) ≤0.045%—enhances machinability, reducing tool wear and cutting down production time for high-volume manufacturing.
The chemical makeup of AISI 1035 / DIN C35 1.0501 / JIS S35C / BS 060A35 is tightly controlled to ensure uniform performance across every batch. Each element plays a critical role in shaping the steel’s properties:
Carbon (C): 0.32-0.39%: The primary strengthener, balancing hardness for load-bearing capacity and toughness to resist cracking under impact.
Manganese (Mn): 0.50-0.90%: Improves hardenability (helping the steel respond better to heat treatment) and enhances machinability by reducing friction between the steel and cutting tools.
Silicon (Si): ≤0.40% Max: Boosts strength during heat treatment without making the steel overly brittle, with strict limits to avoid compromising ductility.
Phosphorus (P) & Sulfur (S): ≤0.045% Max Each: Minimized to prevent brittleness and cracking, especially during welding or forging.
Trace Elements (Cr, Mo, Ni): ≤0.40% Max: Chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), and nickel (Ni) are present in small amounts to enhance overall stability—for example, JIS S35C limits Cr to ≤0.20% to maintain its machinability.
This composition ensures the steel behaves predictably during processing, whether undergoing annealing, normalizing, or QT, and delivers consistent performance in end-use applications.
The mechanical performance of AISI 1035 / DIN C35 1.0501 varies by processing condition, allowing manufacturers to select the right state for their specific use case:
Normalized Condition (per EN 10083-2):
For sizes d ≤16mm / t ≤16mm: Tensile strength is 550 Mpa, yield strength is ≥300 Mpa, and elongation is ≥18%—ideal for low-to-medium stress parts like brackets and pins.
For sizes 100 < d ≤250mm / 100 < t ≤250mm: Tensile strength drops slightly to 500 Mpa, yield strength to ≥245 Mpa, but elongation remains at ≥19%, suitable for larger structural components.
Quenched & Tempered (QT) Condition (per EN 10083-2):
For sizes d ≤16mm / t ≤8mm: Tensile strength ranges from 630-780 Mpa, yield strength is ≥430 Mpa, and reduction of area (a measure of ductility) is ≥40%—perfect for high-stress parts like connecting rods and gear shafts.
For sizes 16 < d ≤40mm / 8 < t ≤20mm: Tensile strength is 600-750 Mpa, yield strength ≥380 Mpa, and reduction of area ≥45%, balancing strength and flexibility for medium-load components.
Open Die Forgings (per EN 10250-2, normalized):
For sizes d ≤100mm: Tensile strength is ≥520 Mpa, yield strength ≥270 Mpa, and impact value (at room temperature) is ≥30 J, ensuring durability for heavy machinery parts like forged shafts.
AISI 1035 / DIN C35 1.0501 offers reliable hardenability, a key factor for parts requiring wear-resistant surfaces:
Surface Hardness After Treatment:
Flame or Induction Hardening: Achieves a surface hardness of 48 HRC, ideal for parts like gear teeth and shaft journals that face repeated friction.
Soft Annealed (+A): Reduces hardness to 130-170 HBW, making the steel easy to machine into precision parts like jigs or mold bases.
Quenched & Tempered (+QT): Common hardness range is 28-32 HRC, balancing strength and toughness for load-bearing components.
End Quench Hardenability (per EN 10083-1):
+HH14 (High Hardenability): At 1mm from the quenched end, hardness ranges from 48-58 HRC; at 4mm, it stays at 34-53 HRC, suitable for parts needing deep hardness penetration.
+HL14 (Low Hardenability): At 4mm from the quenched end, hardness is 24-43 HRC, ideal for parts where uniform hardness across the section is more important than deep penetration.
Hunan Qilu Steel provides AISI 1035 / DIN C35 1.0501 in a wide range of forms and sizes, with strict tolerances to meet diverse precision requirements:
Product Types & Size Ranges:
Cold Drawn Bar: Diameter Φ3-Φ80mm, length 6000-9000mm—perfect for small, precision parts like electronic pins or fasteners.
Hot Rolled Bar: Diameter Φ16-Φ300mm, length 6000-9000mm—cost-effective for medium-sized components like brackets or lever arms.
Hot Forged Bar: Diameter Φ100-Φ1200mm, length 3000-5800mm—ideal for heavy machinery parts like large shafts or forged blocks.
Hot Rolled Plate/Sheet: Thickness 3-200mm, width 1500-2500mm, length 2000-5800mm—versatile for structural applications like building supports or machine frames.
Tolerances & Surface Finish:
Grinding or Polished Finish: Tolerance of +0/+0.05mm, the highest precision for critical parts like mold cores or precision shafts.
Peeled Finish: Tolerance of +0/+0.1mm, excellent for machined components where surface smoothness is key.
Hot Rolled or Black Forged Finish: Tolerance ranges from +0/+1mm (hot rolled) to +0/+5mm (black forged), cost-efficient for non-precision parts like rough structural brackets.
Straightness: 1mm/1000mm Max for cold drawn bars and 3mm/1000mm Max for hot rolled/forged products, ensuring parts align correctly during assembly.
AISI 1035 / DIN C35 1.0501 is a staple in mechanical manufacturing, thanks to its balanced strength and machinability:
Gears & Shafts: QT-treated steel delivers 630-780 Mpa tensile strength and 28-32 HRC hardness, withstanding the rotational stress and wear of industrial gearboxes. Its low impurity levels (P ≤0.045%, S ≤0.045%) prevent fatigue cracking, extending the lifespan of these critical components.
Connecting Rods: Normalized or QT variants offer the ductility to absorb engine vibrations while maintaining the strength to handle combustion forces—making them ideal for diesel or gasoline engines in heavy equipment.
Bolts & Nuts: Cold drawn bars with +0/+0.1mm tolerance ensure precise threading, allowing them to handle high torque in applications like industrial presses or construction machinery.
In the automotive sector, AISI 1035 / JIS S35C is used for components that demand reliability under harsh road conditions:
Drive Shafts: QT-treated steel’s ≥430 Mpa yield strength resists bending and torsion, critical for transmitting power from the engine to the wheels without failure.
Steering Components: The steel’s tight straightness tolerance (≤1mm/1000mm) ensures precise steering response, enhancing vehicle safety by reducing play in the steering system.
Chassis Parts: Hot rolled plates (3-200mm thickness) provide structural support for vehicle frames, with normalized tensile strength of ≥500 Mpa to withstand impacts from potholes or rough terrain.
Compared to more expensive alloy steels (e.g., AISI 4140), AISI 1035 offers a cost advantage for non-critical automotive parts while still meeting performance requirements.
While not a high-carbon tool steel, AISI 1035 / BS 060A35 excels in tool and mold applications requiring moderate hardness:
Mold Bases: Soft annealed steel (130-170 HBW) is easy to machine into custom mold shapes, with good dimensional stability during heating and cooling cycles—preventing warping in plastic injection molds.
Jigs & Fixtures: Cold drawn bars with a grinding finish (+0/+0.05mm tolerance) ensure tight alignment for workpieces during manufacturing, reducing errors in processes like drilling or milling.
Low-Stress Cutting Tools: Flame-hardened surfaces (48 HRC) provide sufficient wear resistance for cutting non-ferrous metals (e.g., aluminum) or plastics, making them a cost-effective choice for low-volume production.
In construction and civil engineering, DIN C35 1.0501 is used for medium-strength structural components:
Connectors & Brackets: Hot forged bars (Φ100-Φ1200mm) offer the strength to join steel beams in industrial buildings, with normalized yield strength of ≥245 Mpa to resist static and dynamic loads.
Support Frames: Hot rolled plates (width 1500-2500mm) are cut and welded into frames for bridges or warehouses, where their ductility (elongation ≥19%) absorbs seismic forces or wind loads.
Its broad supply range and machinability make AISI 1035 suitable for small, precision components across industries:
Pins & Sleeves: Cold drawn bars (Φ3-Φ80mm) are turned or milled into small parts for appliances or electronics, with +0/+0.1mm tolerance ensuring a perfect fit in assemblies.
Flanges: Hot rolled bars are forged into flanges for piping systems, with normalized properties ensuring leak-free seals under pressure—critical for water or gas distribution networks.
AISI 1035 has direct equivalents in major international standards, ensuring cross-market compatibility:
Europe: DIN C35 (1.0501) per EN 10083-2, with identical carbon content (0.32-0.39%) and mechanical properties.
Japan: JIS S35C per JIS G4051, featuring Mn: 0.60-0.90% and slightly lower Cr (≤0.20%) than AISI 1035.
China: GB/T 699 35# per GB/T 699, with Si: 0.17-0.37% (higher than AISI 1035) for enhanced strength.
United Kingdom: BS 060A35 per BS 970, matching AISI 1035’s tensile strength and hardenability for seamless part replacement.
These equivalents can be used interchangeably in most applications, though minor adjustments to heat treatment may be needed for projects requiring ultra-tight performance tolerances.
Heat treatment is key to tailoring DIN C35 1.0501’s performance to specific needs:
Soft Annealing: Heating the steel to 680-720℃ and cooling it slowly in a furnace reduces hardness to 130-170 HBW, making it easy to machine into complex shapes like mold bases.
Normalizing: Heating to 860-900℃ and cooling in air refines the steel’s grain structure, resulting in tensile strength of 500-550 Mpa and elongation of ≥18%—ideal for general-purpose parts.
Quenching & Tempering (QT): First, heat the steel to 840-880℃ and quench it in water (lower end of the temperature range) or oil (higher end) to harden it. Then temper at 550-660℃ to balance strength and toughness, achieving tensile strength of 630-780 Mpa and yield strength of ≥430 Mpa for high-stress components.
Always adjust temperatures based on quenching medium to avoid cracking—water quenching requires lower temperatures to prevent thermal shock.
JIS S35C has poor weldability because its carbon content (0.32-0.38%) exceeds the 0.25% threshold where weld cracking risk increases. Carbon reacts with oxygen during welding to form brittle carbides, leading to cracks in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). To improve weldability:
Preheat the Base Metal: Warm the steel to 200-300℃ before welding to reduce thermal stress between the hot weld and cold base metal.
Use Low-Hydrogen Electrodes: Electrodes like E7018 minimize hydrogen absorption, which is a major cause of post-weld cracking.
Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT): After welding, temper the steel at 550-600℃ to relieve residual stress and soften the HAZ, reducing brittleness.
Avoid welding JIS S35C in thick sections (>20mm) without preheating, as thicker material traps more stress and increases cracking risk.
Hunan Qilu Steel maintains large, rotating stocks of BS 060A35 in popular sizes, with daily updates to inventory:
Hot Rolled Bars: Common diameters include Φ20mm, Φ25mm, Φ30mm, Φ45mm, Φ50mm, Φ60mm, Φ80mm, Φ100mm, Φ150mm, and up to Φ300mm, with standard lengths of 6000-9000mm.
Cold Drawn Bars: Sizes range from Φ3mm to Φ80mm, with lengths of 6000-9000mm—ideal for small precision parts.
Hot Rolled Plates: Thicknesses include 3mm, 5mm, 10mm, 20mm, 50mm, 100mm, and up to 200mm, widths of 1500-2500mm, and lengths of 2000-5800mm.
Stock availability changes daily due to demand, so contact Hunan Qilu Steel’s sales team (WhatsApp: +86-15084978853; Email: enquiry@qilumetal.com) for real-time updates, especially for urgent orders.
AISI 1035 is suitable for medium-wear applications (e.g., gear teeth, shaft journals) but not extreme wear scenarios (e.g., mining conveyor parts). To enhance its wear resistance:
Flame or Induction Hardening: Creates a surface hardness of 48 HRC, which resists moderate friction and extends part life.
Quenching & Tempering: QT treatment increases core hardness to 28-32 HRC, improving overall wear resistance compared to normalized steel.
For extreme wear, choose alloy steels like AISI 4140 (which has added Cr and Mo for better wear resistance) or apply surface coatings (e.g., chrome plating, nitriding). AISI 1035’s carbon content is too low to achieve ultra-high hardness (>50 HRC) without sacrificing toughness, making it unsuitable for severe wear.
1: Steel equivalent
Country | USA | Europe | China | British | Japan |
Standard | ASTM A29 | EN10083-2 | GB/T699 | BS970 | JIS G4051 |
Grade | 1035 | C35/1.0501 | 35# | 060A35 | S35C |
2: Chemical composition
Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni |
1035 | 0.32-0.38 | / | 0.60-0.90 | 0.040Max | 0.050Max | / | / | / |
C35/1.0501 | 0.32-0.39 | 0.40Max | 0.50-0.80 | 0.045Max | 0.045Max | 0.40Max | 0.10Max | 0.40Max |
35# | 0.32-0.39 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.50-0.80 | 0.035Max | 0.035Max | 0.25Max | / | 0.30Max |
S35C | 0.32-0.38 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.60-0.90 | 0.030Max | 0.035Max | 0.20Max | / | / |
3: Mechanical properties .
Mechanical properties for C35 quenching and tempering carbon steel according to EN10083-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Area of reduction | Impact value At RT/J |
d≤16 t≤8 | 630-780Mpa | 430Mpa Min | 17% Min | 40% Min | / |
16＜d≤40 8＜t≤20 | 600-750Mpa | 380Mpa Min | 19% Min | 45%Min | / |
Mechanical properties for C35 normalizing carbon steel according to EN10083-2 and ISO683-1.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Area of reduction | Impact value At RT/J |
d≤16 t≤16 | 550Mpa | 300Mpa Min | 18% Min | / | / |
16＜d≤100 16＜t≤100 | 520Mpa | 270Mpa Min | 19% Min | / | / |
100＜d≤250 100＜t≤250 | 500Mpa | 245Mpa Min | 19% Min | / | / |
Sampling and preparation of test pieces for C35 quenching and tempering steel.
1): According to EN10083-1, all samples shall be taken at a distance of 12.5mm below the heat treated surface
2): As stipulated in the contract between buyer and seller.
Mechanical properties for C35 open die forgings steel in the normalized and normalized and tempered conditions according to EN10250-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Impact value at RT/J | ||
L | Tr | L | Tr | |||
d≤100 | 520Mpa Min | 270Mpa Min | 19% Min | / | 30J Min | / |
100＜d≤250 | 500Mpa Min | 245Mpa Min | 19% Min | 15% Min | 25J Min | 15J Min |
250＜d≤500 | 480Mpa Min | 220Mpa Min | 19% Min | 15% Min | 20J Min | 12J Min |
500＜d≤1000 | 470Mpa Min | 210Mpa Min | 18% Min | 14% Min | 17J Min | 12J Min |
Mechanical properties for C35 open die forgings steel in the quenched and tempered conditions according to EN10250-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Impact value at RT/J | ||
L | Tr | L | Tr | |||
d≤70 | 550Mpa Min | 320Mpa Min | 20% Min | / | 35J Min | / |
70＜d≤160 | 490Mpa Min | 290Mpa Min | 22% Min | 15% Min | 31J Min | 20J Min |
160＜d≤330 | 270Mpa Min | 270Mpa Min | 21% Min | 14% Min | 25J Min | 16J Min |
Remark: L= Longitudinal Tr = Transverse
Sampling and preparation of test pieces for steel forging.
1: According to EN10250-1, all samples shall be taken at a distance of 4/T below the heat treated surface (with a minimum of 20mm and a maximum of 80mm), and t/2 from the end (where t is the equivalent thickness of the thickness of the ruling section of the forging at the time of heat treatment.
2: As stipulated in the contract between buyer and seller.
4: Surface hardness and hardenability.
Heat Treatment | Hardness |
Flame or Induction hardening | 48HRC |
Treated to improve shearability (+S) | 150-200HBW |
Soft annealed (+A) | 130-170HBW |
Quenched and tempred (+QT) | HRC28-32(Common Range) |
Where the steel is ordered by using the symbols for normal (+H) or restricted (+HL, +HH) hardenability requirements, the hardenability values should apply below:
Distance in mm from quenched end | ||||||||||||||
Distance | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 15 | |
Hardness In HRC + H | max | 58 | 57 | 55 | 53 | 49 | 41 | 34 | 31 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 |
min | 48 | 40 | 33 | 24 | 22 | 20 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
Hardness In HRC + HH | +HH4 | / | / | / | 34-53 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
+HH14 | 51-58 | / | / | 34-53 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
Hardness In HRC + HL | +HL4 | / | / | / | 24-43 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
+HL14 | 48-55 | / | / | 24-43 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
Scatter bands for the Rockwell - C hardness in the end quench hardenability test.
5: Supply size & Tolerance & Stock size
Product type | Size range | Length |
Cold drawn bar | Φ3-Φ80mm | 6000-9000mm |
Hot rolled bar | Φ16-Φ300mm | 6000-9000mm |
Hot forged bar | Φ100-Φ1200mm | 3000-5800mm |
Hot rolled plate/sheet | T:3-200mm; W:1500-2500mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot Forged block | T: 80-800mm; W: 100-2500mm | 2000-5800mm |
Surface Finish | Turned | Milled | Grinding(Best) | Polished(Best) | Peeled(Best) | Black Forged | Black Rolled |
Tolerance | +0/+3mm | +0/+3mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.1mm | +0/+5mm | +0/+1mm |
Straighness | 1mm/1000mm max. | 3mm/1000mm max. | |||||
Qilu steel stock hot rolled bar and forged bars more than ten thousands tons every month, below our our stock size.
Stock diameter for hot rolled bar
20 | 22 | 25 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 35 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 45 | 48 | 50 | 55 | 60 |
65 | 70 | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 100 | 105 | 110 | 115 | 120 | 125 | 130 | 140 |
150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 200 | 210 | 220 | 230 | 240 | 250 | 260 | 270 | 280 | 290 |
300 |
AISI 1035 / DIN C35 1.0501 / JIS S35C / BS 060A35 is categorized as a medium carbon steel, defined by its carbon content ranging from 0.32% to 0.39%—a sweet spot that avoids the brittleness of high-carbon steels (e.g., AISI 1060) and the lower tensile strength of low-carbon alternatives (e.g., AISI 1020). This carbon range enables the steel to retain ductility while offering sufficient strength for most engineering needs.
In its standard supply conditions—untreated (as-rolled) or normalized—this steel exhibits reliable baseline properties. For normalized specimens with size ≤250mm, the minimum tensile strength reaches 500 Mpa, and elongation is at least 19%, making it suitable for general-purpose parts like flanges and connectors without extra processing. When subjected to quenching and tempering (QT), its performance elevates significantly: for sizes ≤16mm, tensile strength jumps to 630-780 Mpa, and yield strength exceeds 430 Mpa, opening doors to high-stress applications such as gears and drive shafts.
A key benefit of this steel grade is its global equivalence, simplifying cross-border sourcing. Its direct equivalents include ASTM 1035 (U.S. standard), JIS S35C (Japanese standard), GB/T 699 35# (Chinese standard), and BS 060A35 (British standard). This compatibility ensures manufacturers can maintain consistent part quality regardless of their supply chain location. Additionally, its controlled chemical composition—with manganese (Mn) at 0.50-0.90% and maximum impurities of phosphorus (P) ≤0.045% and sulfur (S) ≤0.045%—enhances machinability, reducing tool wear and cutting down production time for high-volume manufacturing.
The chemical makeup of AISI 1035 / DIN C35 1.0501 / JIS S35C / BS 060A35 is tightly controlled to ensure uniform performance across every batch. Each element plays a critical role in shaping the steel’s properties:
Carbon (C): 0.32-0.39%: The primary strengthener, balancing hardness for load-bearing capacity and toughness to resist cracking under impact.
Manganese (Mn): 0.50-0.90%: Improves hardenability (helping the steel respond better to heat treatment) and enhances machinability by reducing friction between the steel and cutting tools.
Silicon (Si): ≤0.40% Max: Boosts strength during heat treatment without making the steel overly brittle, with strict limits to avoid compromising ductility.
Phosphorus (P) & Sulfur (S): ≤0.045% Max Each: Minimized to prevent brittleness and cracking, especially during welding or forging.
Trace Elements (Cr, Mo, Ni): ≤0.40% Max: Chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), and nickel (Ni) are present in small amounts to enhance overall stability—for example, JIS S35C limits Cr to ≤0.20% to maintain its machinability.
This composition ensures the steel behaves predictably during processing, whether undergoing annealing, normalizing, or QT, and delivers consistent performance in end-use applications.
The mechanical performance of AISI 1035 / DIN C35 1.0501 varies by processing condition, allowing manufacturers to select the right state for their specific use case:
Normalized Condition (per EN 10083-2):
For sizes d ≤16mm / t ≤16mm: Tensile strength is 550 Mpa, yield strength is ≥300 Mpa, and elongation is ≥18%—ideal for low-to-medium stress parts like brackets and pins.
For sizes 100 < d ≤250mm / 100 < t ≤250mm: Tensile strength drops slightly to 500 Mpa, yield strength to ≥245 Mpa, but elongation remains at ≥19%, suitable for larger structural components.
Quenched & Tempered (QT) Condition (per EN 10083-2):
For sizes d ≤16mm / t ≤8mm: Tensile strength ranges from 630-780 Mpa, yield strength is ≥430 Mpa, and reduction of area (a measure of ductility) is ≥40%—perfect for high-stress parts like connecting rods and gear shafts.
For sizes 16 < d ≤40mm / 8 < t ≤20mm: Tensile strength is 600-750 Mpa, yield strength ≥380 Mpa, and reduction of area ≥45%, balancing strength and flexibility for medium-load components.
Open Die Forgings (per EN 10250-2, normalized):
For sizes d ≤100mm: Tensile strength is ≥520 Mpa, yield strength ≥270 Mpa, and impact value (at room temperature) is ≥30 J, ensuring durability for heavy machinery parts like forged shafts.
AISI 1035 / DIN C35 1.0501 offers reliable hardenability, a key factor for parts requiring wear-resistant surfaces:
Surface Hardness After Treatment:
Flame or Induction Hardening: Achieves a surface hardness of 48 HRC, ideal for parts like gear teeth and shaft journals that face repeated friction.
Soft Annealed (+A): Reduces hardness to 130-170 HBW, making the steel easy to machine into precision parts like jigs or mold bases.
Quenched & Tempered (+QT): Common hardness range is 28-32 HRC, balancing strength and toughness for load-bearing components.
End Quench Hardenability (per EN 10083-1):
+HH14 (High Hardenability): At 1mm from the quenched end, hardness ranges from 48-58 HRC; at 4mm, it stays at 34-53 HRC, suitable for parts needing deep hardness penetration.
+HL14 (Low Hardenability): At 4mm from the quenched end, hardness is 24-43 HRC, ideal for parts where uniform hardness across the section is more important than deep penetration.
Hunan Qilu Steel provides AISI 1035 / DIN C35 1.0501 in a wide range of forms and sizes, with strict tolerances to meet diverse precision requirements:
Product Types & Size Ranges:
Cold Drawn Bar: Diameter Φ3-Φ80mm, length 6000-9000mm—perfect for small, precision parts like electronic pins or fasteners.
Hot Rolled Bar: Diameter Φ16-Φ300mm, length 6000-9000mm—cost-effective for medium-sized components like brackets or lever arms.
Hot Forged Bar: Diameter Φ100-Φ1200mm, length 3000-5800mm—ideal for heavy machinery parts like large shafts or forged blocks.
Hot Rolled Plate/Sheet: Thickness 3-200mm, width 1500-2500mm, length 2000-5800mm—versatile for structural applications like building supports or machine frames.
Tolerances & Surface Finish:
Grinding or Polished Finish: Tolerance of +0/+0.05mm, the highest precision for critical parts like mold cores or precision shafts.
Peeled Finish: Tolerance of +0/+0.1mm, excellent for machined components where surface smoothness is key.
Hot Rolled or Black Forged Finish: Tolerance ranges from +0/+1mm (hot rolled) to +0/+5mm (black forged), cost-efficient for non-precision parts like rough structural brackets.
Straightness: 1mm/1000mm Max for cold drawn bars and 3mm/1000mm Max for hot rolled/forged products, ensuring parts align correctly during assembly.
AISI 1035 / DIN C35 1.0501 is a staple in mechanical manufacturing, thanks to its balanced strength and machinability:
Gears & Shafts: QT-treated steel delivers 630-780 Mpa tensile strength and 28-32 HRC hardness, withstanding the rotational stress and wear of industrial gearboxes. Its low impurity levels (P ≤0.045%, S ≤0.045%) prevent fatigue cracking, extending the lifespan of these critical components.
Connecting Rods: Normalized or QT variants offer the ductility to absorb engine vibrations while maintaining the strength to handle combustion forces—making them ideal for diesel or gasoline engines in heavy equipment.
Bolts & Nuts: Cold drawn bars with +0/+0.1mm tolerance ensure precise threading, allowing them to handle high torque in applications like industrial presses or construction machinery.
In the automotive sector, AISI 1035 / JIS S35C is used for components that demand reliability under harsh road conditions:
Drive Shafts: QT-treated steel’s ≥430 Mpa yield strength resists bending and torsion, critical for transmitting power from the engine to the wheels without failure.
Steering Components: The steel’s tight straightness tolerance (≤1mm/1000mm) ensures precise steering response, enhancing vehicle safety by reducing play in the steering system.
Chassis Parts: Hot rolled plates (3-200mm thickness) provide structural support for vehicle frames, with normalized tensile strength of ≥500 Mpa to withstand impacts from potholes or rough terrain.
Compared to more expensive alloy steels (e.g., AISI 4140), AISI 1035 offers a cost advantage for non-critical automotive parts while still meeting performance requirements.
While not a high-carbon tool steel, AISI 1035 / BS 060A35 excels in tool and mold applications requiring moderate hardness:
Mold Bases: Soft annealed steel (130-170 HBW) is easy to machine into custom mold shapes, with good dimensional stability during heating and cooling cycles—preventing warping in plastic injection molds.
Jigs & Fixtures: Cold drawn bars with a grinding finish (+0/+0.05mm tolerance) ensure tight alignment for workpieces during manufacturing, reducing errors in processes like drilling or milling.
Low-Stress Cutting Tools: Flame-hardened surfaces (48 HRC) provide sufficient wear resistance for cutting non-ferrous metals (e.g., aluminum) or plastics, making them a cost-effective choice for low-volume production.
In construction and civil engineering, DIN C35 1.0501 is used for medium-strength structural components:
Connectors & Brackets: Hot forged bars (Φ100-Φ1200mm) offer the strength to join steel beams in industrial buildings, with normalized yield strength of ≥245 Mpa to resist static and dynamic loads.
Support Frames: Hot rolled plates (width 1500-2500mm) are cut and welded into frames for bridges or warehouses, where their ductility (elongation ≥19%) absorbs seismic forces or wind loads.
Its broad supply range and machinability make AISI 1035 suitable for small, precision components across industries:
Pins & Sleeves: Cold drawn bars (Φ3-Φ80mm) are turned or milled into small parts for appliances or electronics, with +0/+0.1mm tolerance ensuring a perfect fit in assemblies.
Flanges: Hot rolled bars are forged into flanges for piping systems, with normalized properties ensuring leak-free seals under pressure—critical for water or gas distribution networks.
AISI 1035 has direct equivalents in major international standards, ensuring cross-market compatibility:
Europe: DIN C35 (1.0501) per EN 10083-2, with identical carbon content (0.32-0.39%) and mechanical properties.
Japan: JIS S35C per JIS G4051, featuring Mn: 0.60-0.90% and slightly lower Cr (≤0.20%) than AISI 1035.
China: GB/T 699 35# per GB/T 699, with Si: 0.17-0.37% (higher than AISI 1035) for enhanced strength.
United Kingdom: BS 060A35 per BS 970, matching AISI 1035’s tensile strength and hardenability for seamless part replacement.
These equivalents can be used interchangeably in most applications, though minor adjustments to heat treatment may be needed for projects requiring ultra-tight performance tolerances.
Heat treatment is key to tailoring DIN C35 1.0501’s performance to specific needs:
Soft Annealing: Heating the steel to 680-720℃ and cooling it slowly in a furnace reduces hardness to 130-170 HBW, making it easy to machine into complex shapes like mold bases.
Normalizing: Heating to 860-900℃ and cooling in air refines the steel’s grain structure, resulting in tensile strength of 500-550 Mpa and elongation of ≥18%—ideal for general-purpose parts.
Quenching & Tempering (QT): First, heat the steel to 840-880℃ and quench it in water (lower end of the temperature range) or oil (higher end) to harden it. Then temper at 550-660℃ to balance strength and toughness, achieving tensile strength of 630-780 Mpa and yield strength of ≥430 Mpa for high-stress components.
Always adjust temperatures based on quenching medium to avoid cracking—water quenching requires lower temperatures to prevent thermal shock.
JIS S35C has poor weldability because its carbon content (0.32-0.38%) exceeds the 0.25% threshold where weld cracking risk increases. Carbon reacts with oxygen during welding to form brittle carbides, leading to cracks in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). To improve weldability:
Preheat the Base Metal: Warm the steel to 200-300℃ before welding to reduce thermal stress between the hot weld and cold base metal.
Use Low-Hydrogen Electrodes: Electrodes like E7018 minimize hydrogen absorption, which is a major cause of post-weld cracking.
Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT): After welding, temper the steel at 550-600℃ to relieve residual stress and soften the HAZ, reducing brittleness.
Avoid welding JIS S35C in thick sections (>20mm) without preheating, as thicker material traps more stress and increases cracking risk.
Hunan Qilu Steel maintains large, rotating stocks of BS 060A35 in popular sizes, with daily updates to inventory:
Hot Rolled Bars: Common diameters include Φ20mm, Φ25mm, Φ30mm, Φ45mm, Φ50mm, Φ60mm, Φ80mm, Φ100mm, Φ150mm, and up to Φ300mm, with standard lengths of 6000-9000mm.
Cold Drawn Bars: Sizes range from Φ3mm to Φ80mm, with lengths of 6000-9000mm—ideal for small precision parts.
Hot Rolled Plates: Thicknesses include 3mm, 5mm, 10mm, 20mm, 50mm, 100mm, and up to 200mm, widths of 1500-2500mm, and lengths of 2000-5800mm.
Stock availability changes daily due to demand, so contact Hunan Qilu Steel’s sales team (WhatsApp: +86-15084978853; Email: enquiry@qilumetal.com) for real-time updates, especially for urgent orders.
AISI 1035 is suitable for medium-wear applications (e.g., gear teeth, shaft journals) but not extreme wear scenarios (e.g., mining conveyor parts). To enhance its wear resistance:
Flame or Induction Hardening: Creates a surface hardness of 48 HRC, which resists moderate friction and extends part life.
Quenching & Tempering: QT treatment increases core hardness to 28-32 HRC, improving overall wear resistance compared to normalized steel.
For extreme wear, choose alloy steels like AISI 4140 (which has added Cr and Mo for better wear resistance) or apply surface coatings (e.g., chrome plating, nitriding). AISI 1035’s carbon content is too low to achieve ultra-high hardness (>50 HRC) without sacrificing toughness, making it unsuitable for severe wear.
1: Steel equivalent
Country | USA | Europe | China | British | Japan |
Standard | ASTM A29 | EN10083-2 | GB/T699 | BS970 | JIS G4051 |
Grade | 1035 | C35/1.0501 | 35# | 060A35 | S35C |
2: Chemical composition
Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni |
1035 | 0.32-0.38 | / | 0.60-0.90 | 0.040Max | 0.050Max | / | / | / |
C35/1.0501 | 0.32-0.39 | 0.40Max | 0.50-0.80 | 0.045Max | 0.045Max | 0.40Max | 0.10Max | 0.40Max |
35# | 0.32-0.39 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.50-0.80 | 0.035Max | 0.035Max | 0.25Max | / | 0.30Max |
S35C | 0.32-0.38 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.60-0.90 | 0.030Max | 0.035Max | 0.20Max | / | / |
3: Mechanical properties .
Mechanical properties for C35 quenching and tempering carbon steel according to EN10083-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Area of reduction | Impact value At RT/J |
d≤16 t≤8 | 630-780Mpa | 430Mpa Min | 17% Min | 40% Min | / |
16＜d≤40 8＜t≤20 | 600-750Mpa | 380Mpa Min | 19% Min | 45%Min | / |
Mechanical properties for C35 normalizing carbon steel according to EN10083-2 and ISO683-1.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Area of reduction | Impact value At RT/J |
d≤16 t≤16 | 550Mpa | 300Mpa Min | 18% Min | / | / |
16＜d≤100 16＜t≤100 | 520Mpa | 270Mpa Min | 19% Min | / | / |
100＜d≤250 100＜t≤250 | 500Mpa | 245Mpa Min | 19% Min | / | / |
Sampling and preparation of test pieces for C35 quenching and tempering steel.
1): According to EN10083-1, all samples shall be taken at a distance of 12.5mm below the heat treated surface
2): As stipulated in the contract between buyer and seller.
Mechanical properties for C35 open die forgings steel in the normalized and normalized and tempered conditions according to EN10250-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Impact value at RT/J | ||
L | Tr | L | Tr | |||
d≤100 | 520Mpa Min | 270Mpa Min | 19% Min | / | 30J Min | / |
100＜d≤250 | 500Mpa Min | 245Mpa Min | 19% Min | 15% Min | 25J Min | 15J Min |
250＜d≤500 | 480Mpa Min | 220Mpa Min | 19% Min | 15% Min | 20J Min | 12J Min |
500＜d≤1000 | 470Mpa Min | 210Mpa Min | 18% Min | 14% Min | 17J Min | 12J Min |
Mechanical properties for C35 open die forgings steel in the quenched and tempered conditions according to EN10250-2.
Size range | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Alongation | Impact value at RT/J | ||
L | Tr | L | Tr | |||
d≤70 | 550Mpa Min | 320Mpa Min | 20% Min | / | 35J Min | / |
70＜d≤160 | 490Mpa Min | 290Mpa Min | 22% Min | 15% Min | 31J Min | 20J Min |
160＜d≤330 | 270Mpa Min | 270Mpa Min | 21% Min | 14% Min | 25J Min | 16J Min |
Remark: L= Longitudinal Tr = Transverse
Sampling and preparation of test pieces for steel forging.
1: According to EN10250-1, all samples shall be taken at a distance of 4/T below the heat treated surface (with a minimum of 20mm and a maximum of 80mm), and t/2 from the end (where t is the equivalent thickness of the thickness of the ruling section of the forging at the time of heat treatment.
2: As stipulated in the contract between buyer and seller.
4: Surface hardness and hardenability.
Heat Treatment | Hardness |
Flame or Induction hardening | 48HRC |
Treated to improve shearability (+S) | 150-200HBW |
Soft annealed (+A) | 130-170HBW |
Quenched and tempred (+QT) | HRC28-32(Common Range) |
Where the steel is ordered by using the symbols for normal (+H) or restricted (+HL, +HH) hardenability requirements, the hardenability values should apply below:
Distance in mm from quenched end | ||||||||||||||
Distance | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 15 | |
Hardness In HRC + H | max | 58 | 57 | 55 | 53 | 49 | 41 | 34 | 31 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 |
min | 48 | 40 | 33 | 24 | 22 | 20 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
Hardness In HRC + HH | +HH4 | / | / | / | 34-53 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
+HH14 | 51-58 | / | / | 34-53 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
Hardness In HRC + HL | +HL4 | / | / | / | 24-43 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / |
+HL14 | 48-55 | / | / | 24-43 | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | |
Scatter bands for the Rockwell - C hardness in the end quench hardenability test.
5: Supply size & Tolerance & Stock size
Product type | Size range | Length |
Cold drawn bar | Φ3-Φ80mm | 6000-9000mm |
Hot rolled bar | Φ16-Φ300mm | 6000-9000mm |
Hot forged bar | Φ100-Φ1200mm | 3000-5800mm |
Hot rolled plate/sheet | T:3-200mm; W:1500-2500mm | 2000-5800mm |
Hot Forged block | T: 80-800mm; W: 100-2500mm | 2000-5800mm |
Surface Finish | Turned | Milled | Grinding(Best) | Polished(Best) | Peeled(Best) | Black Forged | Black Rolled |
Tolerance | +0/+3mm | +0/+3mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.05mm | +0/+0.1mm | +0/+5mm | +0/+1mm |
Straighness | 1mm/1000mm max. | 3mm/1000mm max. | |||||
Qilu steel stock hot rolled bar and forged bars more than ten thousands tons every month, below our our stock size.
Stock diameter for hot rolled bar
20 | 22 | 25 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 35 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 45 | 48 | 50 | 55 | 60 |
65 | 70 | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 100 | 105 | 110 | 115 | 120 | 125 | 130 | 140 |
150 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 200 | 210 | 220 | 230 | 240 | 250 | 260 | 270 | 280 | 290 |
300 |
